Detailed Modeling and Novel Scheduling of Plug-in Electric Vehicle Energy Storage Systems for Energy Management of Multi-microgrids Considering the Probability of Fault Occurrence

As an effective means of displacing fossil fuel consumption and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have attracted more and more attentions. From the power grid perspective, PHEVs and PEVs equipped with batteries can also be used as energy storage facilities, due to the fact that, these vehicles are parked most of the time. Since, the temperature has a strong influence on the battery life-time and also the inherent characteristics of PHEV/PEV energy storage systems limit their use as appropriate resources for energy tuning, this paper, at first, presents a detailed model for energy storage systems of PEVs considering the cooling system and set temperature, and then, it proposes a reliable energy management method for scheduling of PEVs in the multi-microgrid (MMG) systems for both faulted and normal operations using parametric multi-objective function. The simulation results indicate that, considering proper energy management of energy storage systems of PEVs has significant influence on energy scheduling of MMG systems. For this investigation, all data analysis and simulations were done and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink environment.